Thursday, July 8, 2010

Friday Frolics





It's the twentieth anniversary of the famous “pale blue dot” photo – Earth as seen from Voyager 1 while on the edge of our solar system (approximately 3,762,136,324 miles from home). Carl Sagan’s words are always worth remembering:
Look again at that dot. That’s here. That’s home. That’s us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every ‘superstar,’ every ‘supreme leader,’ every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there — on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.
The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds.
Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.
The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand.
It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-building experience. There is perhaps no better demonstration of the folly of human conceits than this distant image of our tiny world. To me, it underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly with one another, and to preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we’ve ever known.

The Wisdom to Belief in One Self


Aristotle, Socrates & Plato (c.427-347B.C) were renowned shapers of the whole intellectual tradition of the western world. It is from these teachers of inquiring minds that whole generations of societal laws, jurisprudence and ethical convictions were born in the western hemisphere.

 
A big part of their questionings and verbal answers were dictated on the premise of practical wisdom in terms of action through moral obligations. They understand what most people forget, that you must "will" the human society to act conscientiously through individual (your own actions) as people are like sponges. Whatever individuals perceive their society to be is what they will automatically follow.

 
For instance in places of constant war like, Sierra Leone and Botswana, armed children learn and are expected to take a life if their troop leader commands it but in Nairobi or Netherlands, any human life taken is an aberrant act against God and Nature. These names and places do not reflect any condemnation of their way of life but is a study of how we often reflect & act; based on what we perceive our immediate surroundings to be. In places of moral decay & lack of reasoning, our baser instincts often rise to control our emotions in such environments.

 
To control our base emotions, systems and structures named as laws and government are initiated, often with the best of intention, but the noble reasons behind these Rules and Procedures often take a back seat after a few generations when time and situations change and then we have perverse dogma presiding over us. We allow rule and procedure to take over our thinking and sense of right and wrong for fear of doing the wrong thing or the fear of being accused of being wrong.

 
Plato for instance, writes in his compendium "The Laws" –Book Seven ;( On Education):
"The State's general code of laws will never rest on a firm foundation as long as private life is badly regulated and it's silly to expect otherwise"

 
Fast forward a few thousand years, and in India a lawyer named Mahatma Gandhi is noted for his practices of "AHIMSA" way of life to humble the British into leaving India.

Too often, to have a semblance of peace and prosperity, we start to regulate our society with either fear or incentives and are expected to obey without question the cane or carrots system implemented for us. We take for granted that this is how it is and this is how it will end. We are not allowed to question the authority of systems and in a smaller scale we ourselves refuse to sit back and question the logic behind our own lives.
The wisdom of questioning the rationality behind the systems and behind our own personal actions and reactions evaporates in front of the onslaught of our own fears; the rat race we are in and our own economic and contractual obligations.

 
Empathy is lost in our race to 'save face'; and words like 'kiasuism' gain precedence in society. Again, because real world problems are often ambiguous and ill defined, and their context always changing we (the inmates of society ?) fall back on regulations and policing the system unquestioningly because very few role models in our immediate life is seen taking the mantle of Leadership in acting altruistically. Everybody and everything is busy fighting to prove he's superior or richer or powerful. This then becomes the acceptable world view. Thus are concepts of service and contribution lost amongst the avarices of a normal life.
 We are in dire need of a hero figure in this country. Someone all races, rich or poor can look up to. We are constantly bombarded with views of so call leaders who are the bottom of the barrel choices and the evil conspirators of looting for individual gain which many chagrined opiniators say is the result of our own biased selections and that we deserve the people we elect.

 
It is time we need to be the change we seek. We need to influence the world of our opinion through our own altruistic and selfless actions. We can start by believing that we too are able of sacrifice for the benefit of others. And more importantly, we must believe we can be the leader our future needs.







Below is an Analogy of research conducted in Stanford University way back in the 70's:

Start with a cage containing five monkeys.
Inside the cage, hang a banana on a string and place a set of stairs under it. Before long, a monkey will go to the stairs and start to climb towards the banana. As soon as he touches the stairs, spray all of the other monkeys with cold water.
After a while, another monkey makes an attempt with the same result - all the other monkeys are sprayed with cold water. Pretty soon, when another monkey tries to climb the stairs, the other monkeys will try to prevent it.
Now, put away the cold water. Remove one monkey from the cage and replace it with a new one. The new monkey sees the banana and wants to climb the stairs. To his surprise and horror, all of the other monkeys attack him.
After another attempt and attack, he knows that if he tries to climb the stairs, he will be assaulted.
Next, remove another of the original five monkeys and replace it with a new one. The newcomer goes to the stairs and is attacked. The previous newcomer takes part in the punishment with enthusiasm! Likewise, replace a third original monkey with a new one, then a fourth, then the fifth. Every time the newest monkey takes to the stairs, he is attacked.
Most of the monkeys that are beating him have no idea why they were not permitted to climb the stairs or why they are participating in the beating of the newest monkey.
After replacing all the original monkeys, none of the remaining monkeys have ever been sprayed with cold water. Nevertheless, no monkey ever again approaches the stairs to try for the banana. Why not? Because as far as they know that's the way it's always been done round here.
And that, my friends, is how company policies are made.

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Real life is more mysterious than Fiction !

Monday, July 5, 2010

Michelle's Class Re-Union






The last weekend was one with happy overtones for the lady of the house that my wife was looking forward to for a long time as it was an occasion for her to meet up with long lost classmates.
After more than 25 years of moving on with their individual lives these ladies gathered together over the week end to celebrate their alma mater's 105th anniversary in Dewan Pay Fong,Melaka.
She 's been in contact  recently with many of her lost former classmates with memories of how things were and who & which part of their hopes and dreams coming true, and with the promise of keeping the relationship alive into the future, it was almost an anticlimax when the actual day dawned as she fret and frowned on everything from her weight to the color of her nails and which dress to wear...

It was nice to see michelle come alive with the thought and anticipation of meeting her classmates again

After a good meal and much laughing, in between catching up and getting to see and know each other again, the party carried on unto the wee hours of the morning with much gaiety, friendship and promise.




The evening calm was preceded with the girls reliving their youth albeit momentarily by congregation and recollections. A walk along the brightly lit canals of Sungai Melaka later on, having fried oysters in the old quarter of Melaka amongst friends; and downing some ice cold beers in the vicinity of Geographers Cafe in Jonker Street brought many a happy complaint and smile into the faces of these gals as the walk and talk got them really hungry and thirsty for more.

Good Times.

.

Tuesday, June 29, 2010


Goodness knows why, but recent flamboyant attempts at enjoying my present "penganggur" situation have not been sitting well with my psyche. Though the money is still being earned monthly through my consultancy, the fact that I do not report daily to a central abode of duty or maintain an office seem to qualify me to the title and worry of being a loafer in my mind.

It has been a good 6 months since this situation presented itself to me and I honestly thought that it was what I wanted all along but unfortunately the mind is a different beast to please, altogether. My Id has not been impressed, not at any rate favorably impressed, with the current results of my self- bestowed fortunate situation. As a matter of fact, I worry more than ever now of being somewhat useless!
Idiosyncrasies aside, I did not estimate that the predicaments of 6 months ago will lead me down this path, as at that time I'd hoped the butterfly would turn into a caterpillar and all would be well with the world eventually. Actually, I still do, but it does not seem to lessen the fear and loathe in my mind of my current situation.



Rationalizing that I should take this time to sit and ponder on my next goal is pointless as I am drawing a blank on every other turn my mind makes. To be precise, money is not the current worry, but the lack of something to do passionately, is. Still, there is no accounting for good luck, and I'd always said that one has to careful of what one wishes for as it just might come true ! Sex is also factored in as the drive seems waning nowadays, could it be, due to the melancholy of the situation? If so, then I am nothing but a hypocrite, because this is the very apex of my wantings. To be financially stable, and hypothetically care free. Without a schedule or care in the world.

But, whatever it is, isn't this a more attractive hypocrisy than other hypocrisies? Ha-ha. I leave it to you, my children, (and the occasional reader or two) to decide.

Up till now, Gunabalan had often been accused guilty only of strangling the Malaysian English language, squeezing the meaning from it until only a vague but high fallutin connotation remained, and it lays lifeless on the page unread by the local readers but now it appears that a murder charge of the highest degree is contemplated behind veiled screens, given the silence of current readers.


As usual, a report of the past few days is required, for it has been quite a while since my last posting on this issue. Last Friday, the hotel owners of Renaissance in Melaka obliged my association with a seafood buffet spread in their coffee house on expense account and so, we indulged in wine and tuna, salmons and oysters, amongst other offerings. It was an extremely kind gesture on behalf of our group that is most appreciated .
Rightfully, such wild indulgences come with a price and this was a stomach upset that we purposely allowed to continue for the next 60 hours so as to assist us in some highly required colon cleansing. 



(Well, what can I say, when life gives you lemons; make lemonade!) So, I slept through Saturday, Sunday and parts of Monday and voila, found that I'd lost almost 4kg's by late Monday night. Hurrah!
Good news is further compounded by the fact that the friend heard about my situation and is all aghast about it and is talking about getting the Hotel MGMT to compensate us for our troubles!





Oh Yeah, Sandra dropped by the other week and literally sobbed storied us into accepting a sausage dog that she rescued from some uncaring soul somewhere. She actually brought 2 dogs; one was a handsome white terrier that was around a year old, and this other shiny black bitch which was kept in the car as she was around three and a half years old with scabs and a blind eye. Guess which one my children chose?


Anyways, coffee (the dog's name) is actually a pretty decent and well mannered dog. Only thing bad about her is that she will occasionally howl. Not a good thing with Asians, howling. Bad juju.




Any ways, let's hope this dog lasts longer than the rest, as the children do tend to lose interest in their pets very fast.

Guess my decision to allow the children to pursue their mother's language and study in s'pore was not wrong after all :


Malaysia

Malaysia forecast to be ‘young and poor’ by 2030

June 29, 2010
KUALA LUMPUR, June 29 — Malaysia’s relatively high population growth rate will see the country remain comparatively young over the next two decades but economic growth is not expected to keep pace with population expansion, according to a report by Bank of America Merril Lynch.
Most developed countries experience lower population growth than developing countries and thus become older as they grow richer but China and Thailand however, are forecast to grow old before they can become rich with more than 15 per cent of the population aged above 65 years in the next 15-20 years.
The forecasts are part of an analysis by Bank of America Merrill Lynch on the impact of demographic trends on investment opportunities.
It also found that the population in Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Australia are growing old fast but they are expected to remain among the wealthiest in the world.
By 2015, Malaysia is forecast to have an elderly dependency ratio (EDR) — population aged above 64 divided by population aged between 15 and 64 — of 10 with a GDP per capita calculated on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis of US$20,000 (RM64,950). Current young and rich countries such as Australia, Singapore and the US have EDR’s of between 15 and 25 with a GDP per capita of between US$50,000 to US$70,000.
By 2030, Malaysia’s EDR is expected to be about 15 with a GDP per capita of about US$50,000 while Australia, Singapore and the US are expected to have an EDR of between 30 and 40 and per capita GDPs of US$110,000 and US$160,000.
The report also suggested however that based solely on the ratio of prime savers — defined as population aged between 40 and 64 — to the rest of the population, the stock markets of China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines are expected to outperform those of Australia, Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand in the next 20 years.
It added that in advanced economies such as the US and the UK, the stock market “can rationally factor in the demographic trend, usually a few years ahead”. It said that there is a risk of that relationship becoming “self-fulfilling” leading to decades of bear markets in those countries.
“The stock markets and financial assets are arguably most influenced by the mid-aged people,” said the report. “Hence, it is not surprising that the correlation between Mid-Young ratio and the aggregate value of stocks traded is quite high for most Asian countries.”
The report said that there were investment opportunities in the education sector in China, India and the Philippines unlike Australia and Korea which have the most highly education labour force.
It also said that Australia and Thailand have room for development in the private healthcare sector and that India, Philippines and Singapore lag in terms of public spending on healthcare.

Saturday, June 26, 2010

(Please click on the topics that interests you, below ) :

The Ancient World 

Before 1000 BCE

Billions of Years -- a scientific theory -- from the earth's beginning to human species

Dinosaurs, Birds, and Survival -- a focus on the Triasic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods

Genes, Ageing and Evolution -- creature biologies

Biology, the Brain and History -- distribution of differences among humans

Origins of War -- from tribal raiding to empire

Primal Religions -- hunter-gatherers, agricultural gods and sacrifice, early civilization

Civilizations before 1000 BCE -- Africa, Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, the Americas, Europe, Canaan

1000 BCE to CE 500 -- Survival, Power and War

India, Empire and Chaos -- rise and fall of the Maurya and Gupta empires

Empire and the Ancient Chinese -- monarchy and rebellion from the Zhou to Liu-Song dynasties

The Middle East to the 400s BCE -- Israel, Judah, Assyrians, Persians and the rise of Judaism

Greeks, Democracy and Slavery -- Draconian Athens, Sparta, Athenian democracy, the culture of slavery

The Greeks at War, 494 to 371 BCE -- the Greco-Persian and Peloponnesian Wars and end of Spartan power

Alexander the Great and Hellenistic Civilization -- empire, dissintegration, Jews and failed revolutions

The Roman Republic -- Rise and Demise to Augustus Caesar

The Roman Empire Declines and Disintegrates -- Augustus Caesar to the last emperor in the West

The Parthian and Sassanid Empires -- more rise and fall

Africa, Iron and Empire -- the Nubians, iron in the west, Askum and Meroe, the Bantu

The Ancient Japanese -- from the legend of Jimmu to the rise of the Yamato dynasty

The Americas, Southeast Asia and Oceania -- the Olmecs and Teotihuacán, Maya, Polynesians

Science and Philosophy to 500 CE

Philosophy in India: Upanishad Writers; Buddhism -- spiritualists, materialists, Siddartha Gautama

Philosophy in China: Confucious, Taoists and Others -- Mozi, Laozi, Xunzi, Legalists, I-ching, Yin and Yang

The pre-Socratics -- Thales, Anaximander, Pythagoras, Xenophanese, Heraclitus, Anaxagoras, et cetera

Socrates, Plato and Aristotle -- gods of Homer, nature of idea, categories and science

Cynics, Skeptics, Stoics and Epicureans -- Antithenes, Diogenes, Pyrrho, Arcesilaus, Zeno of Citium, Epicurus

Philosophy and the Roman Empire-- Cicero, Senaca, Plutarch, Lucian, Marcus Aurelius, Galen, Plotinus

Religion and Change after 1000 BCE

Changing Hinduism, the Jains and Buddhists -- the Upanishads, new sects, epic literature, Gupta empire

The Religious Impulse in China -- conqurors, human sacrifice, Confucius, Mozi, Buddhism and Taoism

Confucianism and Buddhism to Korea -- from animism to wars fought under the banner of Buddhism

Myths among the Ancient Japanese -- Creation, and ancestors descended from the gods

Religion and the Ancient Greeks -- stories by Homer and Hesiod, cults, resurrection, the Olympics and war

The Gods of Early Rome -- heavenly bodies, religious authority, importations, anti-druids, family values

Ancient Zoroastrians -- gods and the Persians, Zarathustra, optimism against evil

Manichaeism, a Universalist Faith -- the prophet Mani and his demise, 3rd century CE

Hellenism and Jews -- cultural diffusions, integration and trade versus religious traditionalists

Jews and Christianity, to 500 CE -- 2nd century BCE to Augustine in the 5th century CE

Middle Ages
the World from the 6th to 15th Centuries

Power and Class

Byzantium and the Sassanids make way for Islam -- Empires fail; Islam rises, expands and divides. 501 to 672

Islamic Empire and Disintegration -- expansion, the Umayyads, the Abbasids and Fatimids, 672 to 1055

Europe, from 501 to 1200 -- Britain, Slavs and Bulgars, Charlemagne, Hispania, crusaders and heretics.

India, from 501 to 1200 -- Hephthalites and declining trade; Islam arrives; stagnation and economic decline

Turks, Conquests and the Crusades -- the Seljuk Turks, crusades, Zengid dynasty, Saladin, 840 to 1212

The Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties -- dynastic rise and fall, conceit and military weakness, 501 to 1126

Genghis Khan and the Great Mongol Empire -- unity, law, conquest, succesion and division, 1200 to 1281

China from Mongols to the Ming -- rebellion and first Ming emperor; ocean voyages, Confucianism, to 1400

Japan to 1333 CE -- failed reforms; emperor figureheads; privilege and disorder; the Mongol invasions

Muslims from Samarkand to Instanbul, 1336 to 1483 -- Timur; Ottomans to the Balkans and Constantinople

Europe, 1201 to 1500 -- economic, technological and cultural change; monarchical power versus Church power

African Empires to CE 1500 -- monarchs and the divine, Ethiopia, Muslim migrations and trade with Europeans

Maya, Aztec, Inca, Inuit: before Columbus -- people of the Americas

Science and Philosophy

Western Europe -- Bede, Abelard, Lombard, Aquinas, Ockam, Aucassin and Nicolette

East Asia -- Cheng-Yi, Xhu-Xi, neo-Confuciansim

Muslims -- al-Kindi, Ibn Sena (Avicenna), al-Ghazali, Omar Khayyam

Religion

Christianity: Belief and Worldly Power -- monasteries, East-West schism, heresy, inquisition

The Koran, Hadiths, Interpretations and Core Beliefs -- Pre-Islam in Arabia, origins of the Koran and Hadiths

Hinduism, Buddhism and Islamic Armies -- Bakhti, Krishna vs Vishnu. Ghurids against Buddhism and Hindusim "

Japan, Buddhism and Spiritual Bathing -- emperors, commoners, samurai, bushido, and zen


16th and 17th Centuries

Africa and the Americas.

Europeans to Asia and Africa in the 1500s -- maritime trade to Asia and Africa

Spain into the Americas, to 1600 -- guns and germs from South America to New Mexico

The Portuguese in America, to 1600 -- Brazil, conquest and slavery

Latin America in the 17th Century -- including New Mexico, Texas and the Portuguese in Brazil

French, Dutch and English to America -- north from Florida, 1550 to 1700

African Empires, Slavery and Europeans: 1550 to 1700 -- empires of blacks and white intrusions

Europe

The Protestant Reformation, to 1600 -- discontent, Luther's protest and spread of the movement

Thirty Years' War -- 1618-48, origins, witches, pogroms, Peace of Westphalia

Dutch Capitalism and Liberalism -- prosperity, tolerance and a modern liberal order

Stagnation and Decline in Spain -- the landed and their value dominate

England, from James to William and Mary -- from civil war to the Glorious Revolution

Russia, to 1700 -- Ivan the Terrible, Status of Women, Peter the Great

Asia

Iran, the Safavids and Ottoman Expansion -- Shia and Sunni conflict,

Ottoman Empire: Economic and Military Decline -- the Ottoman Empire

India, Mughals, Sikhs and Europeans -- India fragmented and violent

China from Ming to Qing -- integration, rebellion, conquest

Japan, 1333 to 1700 -- the economy and wars for power among landowners

Korea's Joseon Dynasty -- monarchy from the 1390s, Japan's intrusion and independence

The Indonesian Archipelago, to 1700 -- Hindus, Muslims and the Dutch

Science, Philosophy and Literature

European Literature and Science, to Galileo -- 1580 to 1642, from Shakespeare to the astronomers

René Descartes -- a "rationalist" who starts with doubt

Baruch Spinoza -- a "rationalist" among the Dutch

Hobbes, Locke and Newton -- Politics, empiricism and Newton's physics versus spiritualistic magic

More Religion

Notes on Religion in 16th Century Europe -- no admission of atheism; sensuality

Puritan Trials of Anne Hutchinson -- "a woman not fit for our society"

Japan: Religious Diversity into the 1600s -- Sects, sub-sects and restricted freedom

18th and 19th Centuries

War, Peace and Revolution in 1700s

Sweden, Russia and the Great Northern War, to 1740 -- failure and a new age of liberty in Sweden

More War in 18th Century Europe -- what monarch rules where

Frederick, Maria and Catherine -- three monarchs in the Age of Enlightenment

Britain in the mid-1700s -- progress in education, commerce and law

The American Revolution -- 1707 to 1791, from social change to ratification of the Constitution

First Barbary War -- U.S. policies from 1770s to 1805, and Marines to the shores of Tripoli

The French in the mid-1700s -- monarchy, church, class, economy

The French Revolution -- France in the 1700s

Power, War and Empire into the 1800s

Britain, Ireland, the U.S. and the War of 1812 -- England, its Irish colony and war with France and the U.S.

Haiti, 1789 to 1806 -- Independence from French rule, freedom from slavery and continuing violence.

Napoleon's Wars, Mistakes and Fall -- Napoleon recklessly drives France to defeat.

Conservative Order against Change: 1814-40 -- victors in Europe oppose revolution

Latin America after Independence: 1821-30 -- disappointments in South America and Mexico

Reform and Revolution in Europe to 1850 -- Revolutionary uprisings across Europe. Failure and Reforms

Africa, Empires and Slavery, 1801-60 -- guns, war, Arabs, Ottomans, British, Boers and French

Canada and the United States, 1814 to 1846 -- Slavery, Canada and the U.S. to the Jackson administration.

War beween the U.S. and Mexico -- Texas and the Alamo. Mexico to 1855. The U.S. to California

Ante-bellum and Civil War in the United States -- Different societies and the war to 1865

Japan from Tokugawa to Meiji -- Restoration of the emperor, economic progress and Japanese imperialism

Muslims in the Middle East, 1700 to 1837 -- Iran and the Ottoman Empire.

British Imperialism and Asia -- China, India, Afghanistan, Burma, the Crimean and Opium wars

Empire and Oceania -- the British, French and Germans; Maori, New Zealand, Australia

Empire in Africa and the Caribbean, 1860-1900 -- British, French and German

Empire and Tsarist Russia 1856 to 1894 -- tsars, student revolutionaries and bomb throwers

Empire and Nationalism in Europe, 1850-1900 -- setting the stage for the biggest of wars

Class and Economic Progress in Europe, 1850 to 1900 -- wages, status, economics and prospect for revolution

The United States, 1865 to 1900 -- reconstruction, westward expansion and economic development

Science and Philosophy

Eighteenth Century Enlightenment Philosophers -- from Britain, France and Germany

Optimism, Adam Smith, Liberals and Utopians -- 1750 to 1883, economics and social theory

Secularism and Science to 1900 -- science, Darwin, intelligent design and atheism

Philosophers and Historians -- Hegel; Kierkegaard; Schopenhauer; Nietzsche; Treitschke, Gobineau

More Religion

Christianity in Korea, to 1900 -- indigenous inspiration helps its success

Religions and Freedom in Japan -- Shintoism, Buddhism, Christianity and Tenrikyo


1901 to World War II

1901 to the Peace Treaty of 1919

The United States to 1910 -- morality, sports and music, blacks, reforms

The Mexican Revolution -- Zapata, Poncho Villa, U.S. invasion, the Carranza presidency

Overseas Imperialism, 1894 to 1908 -- Boxer Rebellion, empire in Africa, France in Vietnam, Russo-Japanese War

Toward World War One, 1901-08 -- Empire and Franz Joseph, German diplomacy

World War and Rebellion, to 1919 -- World War I, Russian Revolutions, failed uprisings

The Middle East

Turkey and Islam, 1876-1930 -- Ataturk, national independence and secularization

Syria, Lebanon and Iraq, to 1930 -- resistance to imprialism

Empire in Egypt and the Sudan, to 1929 -- British rule; the Muslim Brotherhood

Afghanistan, to the 1930s -- the monarchy, assassinations and attempted modernization

Central Asia under the Russians, to 1936 -- creation of Central Asian republics

Jews and Arabs in Palestine, to 1939 - Jews and Muslims in peace and conflict under British rule

Ibn Saud, Wahhabis, and Oil, to 1945 -- Ibn Saud creates and expands his kingdom, allied with the British

Elsewhere in the 1920s

Civil War, Lenin and the Rise of Stalin -- 1918 to 1930

China in Revolution, to 1927 -- the republic replaces Manchu rule and struggles for an identity

Japanese Politics and Society, to 1927 -- labor, business, politics, Western culture, depression, repression

Britain, Ireland and India -- recovery and conflict with tradition

France Proper and Vietnam -- Social conditions inside France, French rule in Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh

Africa and Imperialism -- French, Italian, Spanish and British

Mussolini and Fascism in Italy -- Mussolini from youth to Prime Minister

Weimar Republic and Adolf Hitler -- the Weimar Republic, Hitler, extremism and conservatism

The U.S. in Hawaii, the Philippines and Latin America -- conservative directions

The U.S. to the Crash of 1929 -- race, repression, Harding, morality, sports, Coolidge and Hoover

Depression and War

The Great Depression, to 1935 -- the U.S., Europe and Latin America

Hitler takes Power -- Hitler becomes chancellor, reforms Germany's economy and rearms

Austria, the Left and Right, 1919-34 -- Social Democrats are crushed by Rightists

Passivity and Aggression in Europe to 1936 -- voices for peace, including Hitler's, and fear of the left in France

Spain and Civil War -- political and social divisions, to November 1936

Purges and Hysteria in the Soviet Union -- the USSR from the early thirties to 1938

Roosevelt and Approaching War in Europe -- isolationism, the economy, Jews and immigration

Crisis and War in Europe, 1937-40 -- Munich, Kristallnacht, the Hitler-Stalin pact, pacifism and war

Japan and Emperor Hirohito to 1936 -- extremist patriots, opportunism and moderates

China, Civil War and Japan's Intrusion, to 1936 -- Chiang Kai-shek, the Long March, and an alliance with Moscow

Japan Wars against China and the Soviet Union: 1936-38 -- Japan in Manchuria and war in China

Pearl Harbor and War in Southeast Asia -- March 1940 through December 1941

War in Europe, 1941-45 -- wishful thinking and barbarism

War against Japan, 1942-45 -- spirituality, fear and bombs

Science and Philosophy

Marxism, Mach and Einstein -- Eduard Bernstein, Lenin, quantum mechanics, determinism, time

Economics: the Austrian School and Keynes -- Böhm-Bawerk, Schumpeter, Mises, Bukharin, Keynes

Spengler, Durkheim and Weber -- spirit, decline, sociology, structural functionalism, anti-positivism, Tönnies

Fascism and Philosophy -- Pareto, Gentile, Rosenberg, Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, Kita Ikki, Nakano Seigo

Dewey, Russell and Whitehead -- education, pragmatism, modesty, knowledge limits


What is a 'HINDU' ?

In 1995, Chief Justice P. B. Gajendragadkarwas quoted in anIndian Supreme Court ruling:

When we think of the Hindu religion, unlike other religions in the world, the Hindu religion does not claim any one prophet; it does not worship any one god; it does not subscribe to any one dogma; it does not believe in any one philosophic concept; it does not follow any one set of religious rites or performances; in fact, it does not appear to satisfy the narrow traditional features of any religion orcreed. It may broadly be described as away of life and nothing more.

Common Misunderstandings on Hinduism

Vedanta (and all Hinduism) is entirely monistic, believing only in the all-pervading world-soul, Brahman, rather than a personal God

This advaita philosophy is certainly popular, and offers a simple explanation of the many deities. Nonetheless, many theologians have considered God to be a person. He is not merely an anthropomorphic representation, nor are the various deities and murtis simply incarnations or representations of an impersonal Supreme.

Thus Hinduism includes both monism and monotheism. It is misleading to call the Abrahamic religions,"the monotheistic traditions," implying that monotheism is absent from the Eastern traditions. Vedanta includes many monotheistic schools. They may accept the existence of many gods and goddesses, but strongly emphasizes the pre-eminence of the Supreme Deity.



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Quotable Qoutes

We are all apt to believe what the world believes about us.
(George Eliot -1819 - 1880)


We are the people our parents warned us about.
(Jimmy Buffet)
"The hottest places in Hell are reserved for those who in times of great moral crisis maintain their neutrality."

(Dante Alighieri )





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